This book deals with interaction which is one of the important criticism problems related to literary genres. Interaction is regarded as a perfect standing for literary genres. The researcher Basma Aros tried to examine this idea and Maqā mah and how much this prosimetric literary genre accedes to interactive reading. Choosing Maqamah as a project for this study was a conscious choice because Maqamat is regarded as the basis of the literary genres, and it went beyond other prosimetric literary genres. We chose the book “ the Tiger and the Wolf “ written by Sahl Ibn Haroon because it contains conflicting interaction be embodied in an interrelated genre approach. To accomplish this study, the researcher also worked on Maqamat "Badi Al-zamn Al-Hamadzani" and Maqamat "Abi Qasem Al-hariri. According to the descriptive-analytical method, In this critical study, we will focus on the mentioned book to reach some points of conclusion which reveal the rank and importance of this book. Our results show that this book aims at disclosing the secrets of interactive relations among literary genres and their contribution in changing the viewpoint to the genres and their role in the interactive course. In order to show the role of interaction in reading prosaic texts through applying old and modern opinions, the researcher chose the Maqam genre because it includes an exciting genre interaction.

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of eucalyptus leaf extract and tobacco smoke on Varroa mite using 36 hives for 34 days. In one experimental group, no action was taken to control Varroa mite (control), and the other one (positive control) Apistan Strip was placed in a hive for 34 days. In the other experimental groups, Varroa mite was controlled using Barley, Basma, Virginia leaf tobacco smoke, and Eucalyptus leaf extract in the first five days (first time) and the last four days (second time) during the control period. In the eucalyptus extract treatment, 15 mL of the extract solution (0. 1 mL/mg) was sprayed between frames daily. In tobacco leaf smoke treatments (Barley, Basma, and Virginia), the amount of 3 g of tobacco leaf was smoked. Tick shedding (daily), the number of larvae in each frame (on days 5 and 34), and the amount of honey (after 150 days) were measured. The main effect showed that mite shedding was higher in eucalyptus leaf extract (10. 3± 2. 01), Apistan (9. 41± 2. 01), and Virginia tobacco smoke (7. 41± 2. 01) than the control (0± 2. 01, P<0. 05). In the first time of treatment, mites shedding was higher in eucalyptus extract treatment (20. 7± 2. 84) and Apistan (18. 8± 2. 84) and Virginia tobacco smoke (14. 8± 2. 84) than the control (0± 2. 84, P<0. 05). The amount of honey production in the control (2. 3± 0. 45 kg) was lower than other treatments (P<0. 05). Therefore, eucalyptus leaf exThe present study was performed to investigate the effect of eucalyptus leaf extract and tobacco smoke on Varroa mite using 36 hives for 34 days. In one experimental group, no action was taken to control Varroa mite (control), and the other one (positive control) Apistan Strip was placed in a hive for 34 days. In the other experimental groups, Varroa mite was controlled using Barley, Basma, Virginia leaf tobacco smoke, and Eucalyptus leaf extract in the first five days (first time) and the last four days (second time) during the control period. In the eucalyptus extract treatment, 15 mL of the extract solution (0. 1 mL/mg) was sprayed between frames daily. In tobacco leaf smoke treatments (Barley, Basma, and Virginia), the amount of 3 g of tobacco leaf was smoked. Tick shedding (daily), the number of larvae in each frame (on days 5 and 34), and the amount of honey (after 150 days) were measured. The main effect showed that mite shedding was higher in eucalyptus leaf extract (10. 3± 2. 01), Apistan (9. 41± 2. 01), and Virginia tobacco smoke (7. 41± 2. 01) than the control (0± 2. 01, P<0. 05). In the first time of treatment, mites shedding was higher in eucalyptus extract treatment (20. 7± 2. 84) and Apistan (18. 8± 2. 84) and Virginia tobacco smoke (14. 8± 2. 84) than the control (0± 2. 84, P<0. 05). The amount of honey production in the control (2. 3± 0. 45 kg) was lower than other treatments (P<0. 05). Therefore, eucalyptus leaf extract and tobacco leaf smoke are effective in controlling bee Varroa mite infestation. tract and tobacco leaf smoke are effective in controlling bee Varroa mite infestation.

In order to understand the response of tobacco to salt stress, antioxidant enzyme activities, plant biomass and ion content were analyzed in two oriental tobacco genotypes (Basma 31 and SPT 406). Tobacco plants were exposed to 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl for 12 days. The fresh and dry weight as well as shoot and root length of Basma 31 were greater than those of SPT 406 under increasing salt stress. On exposure to NaCl, SPT 406 showed a higher Na/K ratio than that of Basma 31. Activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase enzymes increased with increasing NaCl content in leaves of two genotypes, but activities of three enzymes in leaves of Basma 31 were higher than SPT 406. Activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in roots of Basma 31 and SPT 406 increased with increasing external NaCl concentration up to 150 and 100 mM, respectively. The highest guaiacol peroxidase activity in roots of Basma 31 and SPT 406 was observed in 100 and 50 mM NaCl, respectively. These studies established that Basma 31 was able to tolerate higher salinity in comparison with SPT 406. Our results suggested that catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase play a major role in estimating the salt stress tolerance of tobacco genotypes.

In order to investigate the residual effect of different tobacco cultivars on germination and seedling growth of rapeseed, an experiment was conducted at laboratory and glasshouse during 2007 as factorial based on completely randomized design with four replications. Extracts of root and shoot from two different types of tobacco (Virginia and Basma) and different concentrations of extracts (0, 40 and 80%) were the treatments. Results showed that germination percentage and rate, shoot and root length in rapeseed (Hayola 401) in laboratory experiment and root and shoot length and ratio, shoot to root dry weight ratio, leaf area, seedling emergence and vigor and chlorophyll contents were significantly affected by different tobacco root and shoot extracts. According to results root extract of Virginia and shoot extract of Basma had the highest and the lowest effect in terms of mentioned traits, respectively. In glasshouse conditions extract concentration of 80% from Basma root and 40 and 80% concentrations from Virginia shoot caused the most reduction in shoot length of rapeseed. Among studied characters, germination rate had highly correlation with germination percentage and seedling vigor.

The purpose of the present study was to investigated the relationship between Religious orientation and hardiness, among girls and boys in university students.132 university students were randomly selected using cluster sampling from Islamic Azad University. The Alport Religious orientation Scale (Aros) and Personal views Survey (PVS) were used. After administrating the questionnaires, considered the relationship between religious orientation (intrinsic / extrinsic) and hardiness. Results indicated that religious orientation (extrinsic) and hardiness were significantly associated and negatively correlated, as university students with intrinsic religious orientation, have greater hardiness than university students with extrinsic religious orientation. Also results showed that there was significant difference between religious orientation among girls and boys, as girls versus boys have more intrinsic religious orientation. Also there was significant difference between hardiness among girls and boys, as girls students have a greater hardiness than boys.

This research has been done for investigating the relationship between religiosity and marital satisfaction. The purpose of this research was studying the effect of some factors on marital satisfaction. The design of this research was descriptive. Statistical society was formed from the all of Tehranian's couples. The sample consisted of 100 couple were selected cluster random sampling. Research instruments consist of Allport's Religious Orientation Scale (Aros), Mabad and Enrich questionnaires. In order to data analysis was used Pearson correlation -coefficient, ANOVA, T, chi square tests. The results indicated that: -There is a significant correlation between intrinsic religious orientation and practicing religious believes and marital satisfaction. -There isn't any significant correlation between extrinsic religious orientation and marital satisfaction. - Education variable significant effect on religious orientation and practicing religious believes. - Gender variable hasn't any significant effect on religious orientation and practicing religious believes.  

In order to evaluate the genetic diversity and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling agro-morphological triats such as leaf length, leaf width, leaf number, internode distance, dried leaf yield per plot, plant height and stem girth, the genetic population including 225 F2:3 families from the cross between two oriental-type tobacco genotypes ‘SPT 406 (paternal) × Basma seres 31 (maternal) were evaluated with sample lattice design under field conditions. Statistical analysis revealed a meaningful difference among F2:3 families for studied traits except for internode distance. Genetic diversity was evaluated by using multivariate statistical methods such as cluster analysis and principal components analysis. By using principal components analysis and cluster analysis via Ward method, the studied F2:3 families were classified into four different groups. QTLs were mapped using a linkage map comprising 23 SSR and 19 ISSR amrkers. 18 QTLs were detected for the studied traits in F2:3 generation and maximum number of QTLs was identified for the leaf number trait.

In order to identify genetic loci associated with flowering time in oriental-type tobacco, the genetic population comprising 100 F2 individuals from the cross between two oriental-type genotypes Basma seres 31 (maternal) ´ SPT 406 (paternal) were evaluated for days to flowering character. In molecular experiment, linkage map with 23 SSR and 29 ISSR markers were prepared which covered 570.8 cM of tobacco genome. Using interval and composite interval mapping procedures, 9 and 2 QTLs were identified for studied character, respectively. In this study, the most of identified QTLs were located on linkage group 5. Genetic loci qDF5-3 and qDF2-27, identified via interval mapping, with 0.8 and 36 percent of R2 were the minor and major QTLs, respectively. According to results, the percentage of phenotypic variance (R2) explained by identified QTLs through composite interval mapping (qDF5-1 and qDF5-2), ranged from 1.95 to 15.34. Results revealed the role of both additive and dominance effects in genetic control of days to flowering in oriental-type tobacco.

In order to identify quantitaive trait loci (QTLs) associated with morphological traits including number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, plant height and stem diameter in oriental type tobacco, a genetic population comprising 100 F2 individuals from a cross between two oriental type genotypes, namely Basma seres 31 (maternal) x SPT 406 (paternal) was evaluated under field conditions. Subsequently a linkage map based on 23 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and 29 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers was constructed which covered 570.8 cM of tobacco genome. Composite interval mapping could identify 11 QTLs involved in controlling the investigated traits. The maximum percentage of phenotypic variance (R2) explained by QTLs was 25.2%. In this study, no QTL was identified for number of leaves. The results showed the existence of co-localized QTLs for some of the studied traits including plant height, leaf length, stem diameter and leaf dry weight which enhances the efficiency of marker-assisted selection in tobacco breeding programs.